Fiber optic cable inside a house is routed from the service entry point to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT), then connected to your router or devices for high-speed internet.

Entry and Routing

Fiber optic installation begins with the cable entering the home, usually through a small hole drilled in an exterior wall or via the basement, depending on the house layout and ISP requirements . The cable is then routed along baseboards, through existing conduits, or within walls, attics, or crawl spaces to reach a central location for networking equipment . The goal is to select the shortest, straightest path to minimize bends and stress on the delicate glass fibers, which helps reduce signal attenuation .

Optical Network Terminal (ONT) Placement

The ONT is a critical device that converts optical signals into electrical signals usable by your home network . It should be installed near a power source and close to other networking hardware for efficient distribution. In some setups, the ONT may be combined with a router in a single unit, but often it is separate to allow flexibility and optimal performance .

Cable Selection and Protection

Residential fiber installations typically use single-mode fiber, which supports long distances and high bandwidth . Pre-terminated cables with connectors like SC/APC or LC are preferred to avoid complex splicing . During installation, the fiber should be protected from sharp edges, high-traffic areas, and temperature extremes. Using flexible low-voltage conduit or soft Velcro ties helps prevent damage and maintains signal integrity .

Connecting to Devices

Once the fiber reaches the ONT, it is connected to a router or gateway using an Ethernet cable, which then distributes the internet to devices via Wi-Fi or wired connections . For larger homes, mesh Wi-Fi systems may be added to ensure full coverage. Proper placement of the router in a central location maximizes signal strength and network performance .

Best Practices

• Avoid tight bends and sharp corners to prevent microbends in the fiber .
• Use existing conduits or abandoned cable runs to simplify routing .
• Keep the ONT and router in a ventilated area away from heat sources .
• Protect exposed fiber runs with conduit in high-traffic areas . By carefully planning the pathway, selecting appropriate hardware, and protecting the fiber, you can ensure a reliable, high-speed connection throughout your home.