Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) are commonly used as optical (de)multiplexers in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems. Optical waveguide arrays consisting of a two-dimensional arrangement of weakly coupled waveguides represent the basis of the new research field of discrete optics. These design of these devices are based on an. Silicon photonics chip is to integrate waveguide, modulator, detector, MUX, and DeMUX on silicon platforms by using CMOS semiconductor technology. The purpose of such an array is typically either coupling light from. Efficient light energy transfer between optical waveguides has been a critical issue in various areas of photonics and optoelectronics.
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